Main

h1. brutus Server Setup

h2. History

Who needs "the cloud", I've got gigabit fiber running directly to my house! 

-- Me

I've been running a local file server for 16ish years.

|=. *Date* |=. *Note* |

| *9/11/2024* | Swtiched to "Dynu":https://www.dynu.com/en-US/ for dynamic DNS and used "Let's Encrypt":https://letsencrypt.org/ for a proper SSL/TLS cert.|

| *9/8/2024* | Retired @phalanx@ and replaced it with @brutus@ (hardware details in the section below).|

| *5/27/2022* | Wipe and install Ubuntu 22.04|

| *7/8/2019* | Change Dynamic DNS provider to http://freedns.afraid.org. |

| *1/9/2019* | Added 10G Ethernet interface. |

| *1/4/2019* | Replaced mobo/proc/RAM with parts salvaged from work. Proc i7-4790 (Haswell); RAM 32GB DDR3L.|

| *6/2/2018* | Upgraded boot drive to 500 GB SSD. Also installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. |

| *1/16/2017*| Upgraded server added 2 x 3 TB additional HDDs (via PCIe SATA expansion card), new power supply, and new (slightly used) case.  After adding the new disks to the RAID and growing the file system, total usable storage on the array is now 11.18 TB.|

| *11/18/2016* |Updated (wipe and reinstall) to Ubuntu Server 16.04.1 LTS|

| *9/2015* | I recently decided to pay for dynamic DNS service from "Dyn":http://dyn.com.  The cost was $30 (after 25% coupon) for a year w/ 30 hostnames. Server is now reachable at https://baranovich.homelinux.org:3268|

| *8/2014* | Both of the my original 3TB HDDs started acting funny and died within a week of each other after about 1.8 years of continuous use.  Fortunately I reacted immediately and I was able to back up all of my data onto other disks. Although I regularly back up all of my critical data I decided that I really don't want to have to deal with losing any of my data.  I promptly purchased another HDD and a HW RAID card (an LSI MegaRAID SAS 9240-8i) and set out to build a RAID 5 array.  I quickly ran into problems with the RAID card.  I was only able to get the computer to boot with it installed once.  During that boot I upgraded the card's firmware with the hope that it would fix all my issues, but it did not and I was never able to fully boot with the card installed again.  After a little googling I discovered someone in my same position who claimed to have called LSI tech support and was told that LSI cards are "not compatible with newer motherboards".  The guy didn't elaborate as to what that meant but I assume it means LSI cards don't work in UEFI motherboards. I was disappointed but I started reading about software raid (device mapper raid) and decided that it should work perfectly for my little fileserver.  I also decided that btrfs is not really ready for prime time and I should use some other file system.|

| *??/2008* | Created first version of @phalanx@ with Dell desktop that was Kab's college computer.|

h2. Hardware Details

* Dell r730xd server 2U 

** 2x Intel E5-2680v4 CPUs

** 128 GB DDR4 2400

** 24x 1 TB mSATA PM-851 

** Dell HBA H330

** LSI SAS 9300-8E 8-Port 12Gb/s 12Gbps External HBA Controller Bus Card

* Netapp DS2246 Storage Expansion Array 24 Bay 2.5" SAS Trays 2x IOM6 Controllers

** 24x 1 TB mSATA PM-851

Total raw storage capacity: 44 TB

Total usable storage capacity (RAID-6): 42.84 TB

h3. Price Breakdown

Components purchased from e-Bay.

|=. *Component* |=. *Description* |=. *Price* |

|Dell r730xd server|2x Intel E5-2680v4 CPUs; 128 GB DDR4|$413.39|

|24x 2.5" 8FKXC/08FKXC| SAS SATA Drive Caddy For Dell PowerEdge|$88.79|

|Dell TRJ5G |Optical SATA power cable SFF R730|$13.73|

|Dell 0P2R3R|HBA H330 12gbps SAS SATA Mini Mono|$15.90|

|LSI SAS 9300-8E|8-Port 12Gb/s 12Gbps External HBA Controller Bus Card|$37.09|

|Netapp DS2246|Storage Expansion Array 24 Bay 2.5" SAS Trays 2x IOM6 Controllers|$149.94|

|2x External SAS Cable|SFF-8436 QSFP to SFF-8644 HD Hybrid SAS Cable 1.64 ft.|$41.54|

Total price: $797.47 (mSATA drives and adapter cards salvaged)

h2. Network Interfaces

|*Interface*    | *MAC*                | *Reserved IP*  | *Notes*  |

|eno1             |c8:1f:66:dd:6a:24|192.168.8.10    |primary gigabit interface|

|eno2             |c8:1f:66:dd:6a:25|--                       |secondary gigabit (unused)|

|eno3             |c8:1f:66:dd:6a:26|--                       |third gigabit interface (unused)|

|eno4             |c8:1f:66:dd:6a:27|--                       |fourth gigabit interface (unused)|

|enp132s0     |24:8a:07:e3:14:80|--                      |10G fiber interface (unused)|

|enp132s0d1 |24:8a:07:e3:14:81|10.250.1.6       |10G fiber interface|

|ipmi               |18:66:da:a2:a0:3b|192.168.208.4|IPMI interface|

Note: 10G interface provided by Mellanox 10G PCIe card.

h2. Storage Configuration

The r730xd has 24x 1TB drives and the attached Netapp shelf has an additional 24x 1TB drives connected via the LSI SAS 9300-8E card for a total of 44 TB.  T

* Script to partition each device (add additional drives to the list to partition more)

<pre>

for device in sdar; do echo $device; parted --script /dev/$device \

    mklabel gpt \

    mkpart primary 0% 100%; done

</pre>

* Command to create the RAID-6 array (Note: do not copy verbatim as the device names may change):

<pre>

$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=48 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdaa1 /dev/sdab1 /dev/sdad1 /dev/sdae1 /dev/sdaf1 /dev/sdag1 /dev/sdah1 /dev/sdai1 /dev/sdaj1 /dev/sdak1 /dev/sdal1 /dev/sdam1 /dev/sdan1 /dev/sdao1 /dev/sdap1 /dev/sdaq1 /dev/sdar1 /dev/sdas1 /dev/sdat1 /dev/sdau1 /dev/sdav1 /dev/sdaw1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdi1 /dev/sdj1 /dev/sdk1 /dev/sdl1 /dev/sdm1 /dev/sdn1 /dev/sdo1 /dev/sdp1 /dev/sdq1 /dev/sdr1 /dev/sds1 /dev/sdt1 /dev/sdu1 /dev/sdv1 /dev/sdw1 /dev/sdx1 /dev/sdy1 /dev/sdz1

</pre>

* The create command above takes a significant amount of time to create a new array (20+ hrs).  Use this command to monitory status:

<pre>

$ watch cat /proc/mdstat

</pre>

* The following are miscellaneous mdadm commands for reference:

<pre>

$ sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0

$ sudo mdadm --assemble --scan

$ sudo mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdas1

</pre>

* Use this command to store the array information to the mdadm configuration file:

<pre>

$ sudo su

# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

# update-initramfs -u

</pre>

h2. NFS setup:

* Install NFS (note be sure to configure the firewall first):

<pre>

$ sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

</pre>

* Edit @/etc/exports@:

<pre>

/storage    192.168.8.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)

/storage    192.168.4.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)

/storage    10.250.1.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)

</pre>

* Restart NFS:

<pre>

$ sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server

</pre>

* Export filesystems:

<pre>

$ sudo exportfs

</pre>

h2. Firewall Configuration

|*Port*|*Description*|

|22|ssh|

|80|http|

|111|SUN rpc|

|443|https|

|2049|NFS|

|3142|apt-cacher-ng|

|4045|lockd|

|17641|NFS connect|

|61993|bt|

It was a bit annoying to get NFS working when the firewall was enabled but I found some good instructions and got them to work.  The issue was that some of the important rpc/NFS daemons use random ports when they boot up.

* Edit @/etc/default/nfs-kernel-server@ comment out this line:

<pre>

RPCMOUNTDOPTS=--manage-gids

</pre>

 add this line

<pre>

RPCMOUNTDOPTS="--port 17641"

</pre>

* Edit/create @/etc/modprobe.d/options.conf@:

<pre>

options lockd nlm_udpport=4045 nlm_tcpport=4045

</pre>

* Edit @/etc/modules@ and add @lockd@ on its own line:

<pre>

...

lockd

</pre>

* Now create the firewall rules (only allow incoming access for the local network), for each port in the table above:

<pre>

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.8.0/24 to any port <PORT>

</pre>

* Add external allow rules (i.e. up these ports to the outside world) for ssh, https, and bt :

<pre>

$ sudo ufw allow <PORT>

</pre>

* Start ufw:

<pre>

$ sudo ufw enable

</pre>

Overview of added rules:

<pre>

sudo ufw allow proto tcp to 0.0.0.0/0 port 22

sudo ufw allow proto tcp to 0.0.0.0/0 port 443

sudo ufw allow proto tcp to 0.0.0.0/0 port 61993

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.4.0/24 to any port 111

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.4.0/24 to any port 2049

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.4.0/24 to any port 4045

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.4.0/24 to any port 17641

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.8.0/24 to any port 111

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.8.0/24 to any port 2049

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.8.0/24 to any port 4045

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.8.0/24 to any port 17641

sudo ufw allow from 10.250.1.0/24 to any port 111

sudo ufw allow from 10.250.1.0/24 to any port 2049

sudo ufw allow from 10.250.1.0/24 to any port 4045

sudo ufw allow from 10.250.1.0/24 to any port 17641

</pre>